Indonesia is pushing toward net-zero emissions by 2060, with the transportation sector—especially motorcycle electrification—playing a vital role. A recent study by Andri D. Setiawan and Riskiyadi (Universitas Indonesia and PT PLN) explores strategies for growing Indonesia’s battery swapping industry to support this transition. Using a system dynamics modeling approach, the authors simulate how electricity tariff discounts, battery reservation fees, and infrastructure development affect user adoption, CO₂e reductions, and profitability.

Key Findings

  • Battery reservations eliminate “range anxiety” and maximize user adoption and emissions reduction.
  • Infrastructure expansion leads to the highest profitability for battery-swapping service providers.
  • Discounting electricity tariffs has limited impact on adoption and reduces financial gains.
  • The most effective strategy is a combination of reservation systems and infrastructure development.

Policy Implications: To achieve national targets—13 million electric motorcycles and 9,000 battery-swapping stations by 2030—the study suggests:

  • Designing mobile reservation features for battery availability
  • Prioritizing station expansion to increase accessibility
  • Developing a coherent strategy that balances profitability with environmental outcomes

Conclusion

This research offers a framework for informed decision-making in Indonesia’s clean energy transition. By integrating company interventions with system modeling, it highlights how removing user barriers and strategically investing in infrastructure can accelerate EV adoption and decarbonize transportation effectively

📄 Full article: International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy

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